Computer Hardware Parts Facts Info (Part 1)

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🔔what is computer with full process : Input: The computer receives data and instructions from various input devices like keyboards, mice, touchscreens, etc. The user interacts with these devices to provide input to the computer.

Processing: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the core component responsible for processing data and executing instructions. It takes the input data and performs calculations, manipulations, and other tasks based on the provided instructions.

Memory: The CPU needs to access data and instructions quickly, so it uses Random Access Memory (RAM) as temporary storage. The data and instructions required for immediate processing are loaded into RAM from long-term storage like the hard drive or solid-state drive.

Storage: Data that needs to be stored for the long term is saved on permanent storage devices like Hard Disk Drives (HDD) or Solid State Drives (SSD). This includes the operating system, software applications, documents, and media files.

Output: After processing the input data, the computer generates output for the user to see or hear. This can be in the form of text, images, videos, sounds, or any other media displayed on the monitor or output to speakers or other external devices.

Control Unit: The Control Unit is a part of the CPU that manages and coordinates the execution of instructions, ensuring that data is fetched from memory, processed, and sent to the appropriate output devices.

Operating System (OS): The Operating System is software that manages the computer's hardware and software resources. It provides a user-friendly interface, manages memory, handles input and output, and allows users to run applications.

Communication: Computers can be part of a network, enabling them to communicate with other computers and devices. This allows data transfer, sharing resources, and accessing information from remote locations.

User Interaction: Throughout the process, the user may interact with the computer through various applications, software, or commands, providing new input and influencing the output.

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Central Processing Unit (CPU):

The CPU is the "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.

Clock speed is measured in GHz (gigahertz) and represents how many cycles the CPU can execute per second.

The number of CPU cores determines how many tasks the CPU can handle simultaneously.

Random Access Memory (RAM):

RAM is temporary memory that the CPU uses to store data and instructions needed for active tasks.

It is volatile, meaning its contents are lost when the computer is turned off.

The amount of RAM affects the computer's multitasking capability and performance.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD):

The HDD is a magnetic storage device used to store data in the long term.

It has larger capacities compared to other storage types but is slower in accessing data.

Solid State Drive (SSD):

SSDs are faster and more reliable than HDDs because they use flash memory instead of magnetic platters.

They are more expensive per gigabyte but significantly improve system performance, boot times, and data access speed.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):

The GPU is dedicated to rendering graphics and accelerating tasks related to image processing and video playback.

It's essential for gaming, video editing, and other graphics-intensive applications.

Motherboard:

The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects and allows communication between all other computer components.

It houses the CPU, RAM, GPU, storage drives, and other peripherals.

Power Supply Unit (PSU):

The PSU provides electrical power to all components in the computer.

It is measured in watts and should have enough capacity to handle the power requirements of all installed hardware.

Computer Case:

The case houses and protects all the internal components of the computer.

It comes in various sizes and form factors, depending on the type of build and space requirements.

Cooling System:

Cooling systems, such as fans or liquid cooling solutions, prevent the components from overheating.

Overheating can cause performance issues and potentially damage the hardware.

Peripheral Devices:

These include devices like keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and external storage devices.

They connect to the computer to enable input, output, and data storage.

basic parts of a computer system :

1. Monitor
2. UPS
3. mouse
4. keyboard
5. SMPS
6. CPU(central processing unit)
7. Printer
8. Motherboard
9. Cabinet
10. Scanner

Input Devices Keyboard :

1. Function: Keyboards are used to input alphanumeric characters, numbers, symbols, and various commands into a computer. They are the primary tool for text entry and interaction with applications and the operating system.

2. Layout: Most keyboards follow the QWERTY layout, named after the first six letters in the top row. This layout was designed to prevent typewriter jams by placing commonly used keys apart from each other. QWERTY keyboards are prevalent worldwide.

3. Types of Keyboards:

Standard Keyboards: These are the most common keyboards found with desktop computers and laptops. They feature a full set of keys, including function keys, navigation keys, and a numeric keypad.

Laptop Keyboards: Laptops often have compact keyboards with integrated function keys and a smaller footprint.

Gaming Keyboards: Gaming keyboards often include additional programmable keys, backlit illumination, and features tailored for gaming performance.

Ergonomic Keyboards: These keyboards are designed to reduce strain and improve comfort during extended typing sessions.

4. Connection: Keyboards can connect to computers through various methods:

Wired Keyboards: These connect via USB or PS/2 ports.

Wireless Keyboards: They use Bluetooth or other wireless technologies to connect to the computer.

5. Special Keys:

Function Keys (F1-F12): These are special keys at the top of the keyboard that have different functions depending on the software being used.

Control (Ctrl), Alt, and Windows/Mac Command Keys: These keys, when used in combination with other keys, can execute various shortcuts and commands.

Arrow Keys: These keys help navigate through documents, web pages, or user interfaces.

6. Multimedia Keys: Some keyboards have additional keys for controlling multimedia functions like volume adjustment, play/pause, and track skipping.

7. Mechanical vs. Membrane Keyboards: Keyboards can use either mechanical switches or membrane-based technology. Mechanical keyboards offer tactile feedback and a satisfying typing experience, while membrane keyboards are usually quieter and more affordable.

Overall, the keyboard is an essential input device that allows users to interact with computers efficiently, making it a fundamental component of any computing system.

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